A Level Physics

1. Measurements and Uncertainties

• SI units and prefixes
  
  

• Scalars and vectors
  
  

• Measurement techniques and precision
  
  

• Error analysis and uncertainty
  
  

2. Mechanics

• Kinematics (motion graphs, equations of motion)
  
  

• Dynamics (Newton’s laws)
  
  

• Forces (including friction, tension, normal force)
  
  

• Work, energy, and power
  
  

• Momentum and impulse
  
  

• Circular motion
  
  

3. Materials

• Density and pressure
  
  

• Young modulus and stress-strain relationships
  
  

• Elastic and plastic deformation
  
  

• Hooke’s Law
  
  

4. Waves

• Wave properties (frequency, wavelength, amplitude)
  
  

• Wave equation
  
  

• Reflection, refraction, diffraction, and interference
  
  

• Superposition and stationary waves
  
  

• Polarisation (OCR and Edexcel focus more on this)
  
  

5. Electricity

• Current, voltage, resistance, and Ohm’s law
  
  

• Series and parallel circuits
  
  

• Kirchhoff’s laws
  
  

• Internal resistance and EMF
  
  

• Potential divider circuits
  
  

6. Quantum Physics

• Photoelectric effect
  
  

• Energy levels and spectra
  
  

• Wave-particle duality
  
  

• de Broglie wavelength
  
  

7. Thermal Physics

• Internal energy and temperature
  
  

• Specific heat capacity and specific latent heat
  
  

• Kinetic theory and ideal gases
  
  

• Gas laws
  
  

8. Fields

• Gravitational fields (Newton’s law of gravitation, gravitational potential)
  
  

• Electric fields (Coulomb’s law, potential and field strength)
  
  

• Magnetic fields (moving charges, electromagnetism, motor effect)
  
  

• Capacitance and energy stored in capacitors
  
  

• Electromagnetic induction (Faraday’s and Lenz’s laws)
  
  

9. Nuclear Physics

• Radioactivity (α, β, γ radiation)
  
  

• Half-life and decay equations
  
  

• Nuclear equations
  
  

• Mass-energy equivalence (E = mc²)
  
  

• Fission and fusion
  
  

10. Atomic and Particle Physics

• Fundamental particles (quarks and leptons)
  
  

• Standard Model overview
  
  

• Particle interactions (exchange particles, conservation laws)
  
  

• Antiparticles and annihilation
  
  

11. Oscillations and SHM (Simple Harmonic Motion)

• Characteristics of SHM
  
  

• Damping and resonance
  
  

• Energy changes in SHM
  
  

12. Astrophysics and Cosmology (Optional in some specs)

• Hubble’s Law and redshift
  
  

• Big Bang theory
  
  

• Stellar evolution and classification
  
  

• Black holes and dark matter (in Edexcel and OCR)